Hydrogen tank
A Hydrogen tank (other names- cartridge or canister) is used for hydrogen storage. The first type IV hydrogen tanks for compressed hydrogen at 700 Bar (10,000 PSI) were demonstrated in 2001, the first fuel cell vehicles on the road with type IV tanks are the Toyota FCHV, Mercedes-Benz F-Cell and the HydroGen4.
At the hydrogen station Hamburg canisters can be refilled with compressed hydrogen at 350 or 200 Bar, the canisters are fitted with a TN1 connector which is compatible with the common types TK15 and TK16 CNG dispensers.
Low pressure tanks
Various applications has allowed the development of different H2 storage scenario. Recently, the Hy-Can[1] consortium has introduced a small one liter, 10 bar format
Type I
- Metal tank (steel/aluminum)
- Approximate maximum pressure, aluminum 175 bar or 2,538 psi, steel 200 bar or 2,900 psi.
Type II
- Metal tank (aluminum) with filament windings like glass fiber/aramid or carbon fiber around the metal cylinder.[2] See composite overwrapped pressure vessel.
- Approximate maximum pressure, aluminum/glass 263 bar or 3,814 psi, steel/carbon or aramide 299 bar or 4,336 psi.
Type III
- Tanks made from composite material, fiberglass/aramid or carbon fiber with a metal liner (aluminum or steel). See metal matrix composite.
- Approximate maximum pressure, aluminum/glass 305 bar or 4,423 psi, aluminum/aramide 438 bar or 6,352 psi.
Type IV
- Composite tanks such as carbon fiber with a polymer liner (thermoplastic). See rotational molding and fibre-reinforced plastic.
- Approximate maximum pressure, plastic/carbon 661 bar (9,586 psi) and up.[3][4]
Tank testing considerations
In accordance with ISO/TS 15869 (to be revised):
- Burst test: the pressure at which the tank bursts, typically more than 2x the working pressure.
- Proof pressure: the pressure at which the test will be executed, typically above the working pressure.
- Leak test or permeation test,[5] in NmL/hr/L (Normal liter of H2/time in hr/volume of the tank.
- Fatigue test, typically several thousand cycles of charging/emptying.
Metal Hydride storage tank
Magnesium Hydride
Using Magnesium[6] for hydrogen storage, a safe but weighty reversible storage technology. Typically the pressure requirement are limited to 10 bar. The charging process generates heat whereas the discharge process will require some heat to release the H2 contained in the storage material.[7]
Other Hydrides
see also Sodium Aluminum Hydride
Research
- 2008 - Japan, a clay-based film sandwiched between prepregs of CFRP.[8]
See also
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References
- ^ Hycan
- ^ Onboard storage of hydrogen-Page 2
- ^ Onboard type IV vessels
- ^ KCR-CAE Composite tank
- ^ Modeling of dispersion following hydrogen permeation for safety engineering and risk assessment
- ^ CNRS Institut Neel H2 Storage
- ^ Storage by Mc-Phy
- ^ Development of a Clay-Plastic Composite Material with Good Hydrogen Gas Barrier Property